Global Download Center for Satellite Receivers Firmware and Software. Results In this paper, we report the comparative proteomics of wild-type (WT) plants and jin1-9, a MYC2 mutant plant, in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Proteins from mock/MeJA-treated jin1-9 and WT samples were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Twenty-seven JA-mediated proteins demonstrated differential expression modulated by MYC2. We observed that MYC2 negatively regulates the accumulation of JA-dependent indolic glucosinolate-related proteins and exhibits opposite effects on the biosynthetic enzymes involved aliphatic glucosinolate pathways. In addition, proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a majority of the MeJA-inducible proteins that are involved in multiple protective systems against oxidative stress were reduced in jin1-9/myc2 sample compared to the WT sample. These results support a positive role for MYC2 in regulating JA-mediated carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress tolerance. Conclusions We have identified MYC2-dependent jasmonate-regulated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana by performing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. Medieval city building games for mac. The observed pattern of protein expression suggests that MYC2 has opposite effects on the biosynthetic enzymes of indolic and aliphatic glucosinolate pathways and positively regulates JA-mediated carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress tolerance-related proteins. Furthermore, it is very interesting to note that MYC2 plays opposite roles in the modulation of a subset of JA-regulated photosynthetic proteins during short-term and long-term JA signaling. This study will enhance our understanding of the function of MYC2 in JA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonate and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are a group of plant growth regulators and signaling molecules derived from linolenic acid. They are well known because they have pivotal roles in many aspects of plant development such as root growth, senescence, fertility, production of secondary metabolites and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses [ – ]. To date, various genes involved in the JA signaling pathway have been identified. The CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1 ( COI1) gene, which is a JA receptor, encodes an F-box protein [, ]. COI1 combines with Skp1-like 1, Skp1-like 2, cullin 1, and ring-box protein 1 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase known as the SCF COI1 complex [ – ], which promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of the repressors of the JA signaling pathway. The JA ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins (JAZ1 to JAZ12) that share a conserved ZIM and Jas motif are targets of the SCF COI1 complex; therefore, they act as negative regulators of the JA-responsive genes [ – ]. Yuzu app for mac. Recently, it was demonstrated that a co-receptor complex consisting of COI1, JAZ, and inositol pentakisphosphate strongly binds to (+)-7-iso-JA-Ile and therefore functions as the jasmonate receptor [ ]. In addition, three closely related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing transcription factors (TFs), MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4, interact with JAZs to mediate JA responses [ – ]. MYC2 is the most well-known and studied MYC isoform and is involved in JA signaling. MYC2 is allelic to the JAI1/ JIN1 ( JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1) locus and binds to the G-box and derived sequences in the promoter regions of JA-induced genes [, – ]. All three MYC proteins showed highest binding affinity to a canonical G-box, whereas MYC2 and MYC3 were undistinguishable, MYC4 showed lower affinity for the G-box variants [ ]. It has been established that MYC3 and MYC4 act in concert with MYC2 during the activation of JA responses, including JA-induced expression of VSP2 [ ]. In a recent study, by performing microarray analysis on the jin1 mutant, it was demonstrated that MYC2 regulates the expression of a considerable number of JA-responsive genes, including the genes involved in JA-induced indolic glucosinolate and auxin biosynthesis, and those related to oxidative stress tolerance, and insect herbivory resistance [ ].
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